Source requirements for economics essays are highly dependent on the nature of the question. Questions that invite and are dependent upon you conducting primary research (for example, interviews, surveys or questionnaires) are highly advisable though not mandatory. Essays based purely on secondary source materials (for example, economics data from the IMF and WTO) are perfectly feasible provided the question has a sufficiently narrow scope. Essays that combine primary and secondary sources are also fine, provided both sets of sources are shown to be directly relevant to the question.
Source: Lekanides, K. (2016). Extended Essay Course Companion. Oxford University Press.